Improvement in hydraulic engines



UNITED STATES PATENT OEEICE.

JACOB DEEISOENEE, OE NEW YORK, N. Y.

`IMPROVEMENT IN HYDRAULIC ENGINES.

Specification forming part of Letters Patent No. 57,298, dated August 21, 1866; antedated August 2, 1866.

To all whom t may concern:

Be it known that I, JACOB DEEIsRNEa, of New York, in the county and State of New York, have invented a new and useful Hydraulic-Pressure Engine; and I do hereby declare that the following is a full, clear, and exact description of the construction and operation of the same, reference being had to the annexed drawings, making part of this specication, and to the letters of reference marked thereon.

The nature of this invention consists in the arrangement of two circular disks or pistons rotating backward and forward, and placed upon the saine shaft in suitable cylinders. One of these pistons is constructed with a concentric groove or cavity in its periphery,

' which is divided by a partition, against the one or the other side of which, in combination with a stationary wedge iitting perfectly tight in said concentric groove, a pressure of water or duid is made to act alternately, so as to rotate said piston iirst in one direction and then in the opposite direction, making each time not quite one revolution. By the rotation of this piston the second piston, fast to the saine shaft, is moved in the same direction. This second piston is constructed with a groove or cavity in its periphery or circumference, running spirally, similar to a screw, of any desired pitch, and closed at each end. In this spiral groove a block or small piston is fitted tightly, and held stationary from revolving with the piston by means oi' slides or friction-rollers working in a groove cut horizontally and longitudinally in the cylinder, whereby, while this pistonblock will be prevented from turning with the piston, sufficient motion will be allowed to the same longitudinal or sidewise, corresponding to the inclination of the spiral of the groove. Both ends of this spiral groove are provided with channel-ways communicating with the heads of the cylinder and with a channel-way made in the central part of the shaft. rI hese passages or channel-ways are closed by selfacting valves opening from the cylinder-heads into this spiral groove, to allow the water or iiuid to run or be drawn into said spiral groove from a reservoir placed above this cylinder, and connected with the cyiinder-heads and with valves opening from the ends of the spiral groove into the channel-way through the 'a strong and perfectly tight pressure-box, into which the water or Huid forced out ofthe spiral groove passes, producing thereby a pressure in said pressure-box, which is used to drive the first-mentioned piston in the manner above described, while any surplus pressure in said box may be used to drive a rotary engine, or for any other purpose which may be desired.

Figure I, Sheet I, represents a Vertical longitudinal section of my machine. Fig. Il, Sheet I, represents a horizontal section of the same. Fig. III, Sheet I, shows an outside view of the driving-cylinder and valve-chest, showing the arrangement of working the slide-valve. Fig. IV, Sheet II, is a cross-section of the same. Fig. V, Sheet II, is a top view of part of the driving1i iston, showing the packing-rings on the sidesof the concentric groove and the packin g-platesin the partition-piece. Fig. VI, Sheet II, is a section through the slide-valve case, showing the ports into the cylinder. Fig. VII, Sheet II, represents a cross-section of the force cylinder and piston. Fig. VIII, Sheet II, represents part of a top view of the second or force piston, showing the packing-rings on the sides of the spiral groove and the packingplates in the ends of the groove. Fig. IX, Sheet II, shows 'a top view of the piston-block working in the spiral groove. Fig. X, Sheet II, represents a section of the grooves and of the packing-rings on the sides of the grooves. Similar letters represent similar parts. In the accompanyingdrawings, A represents a shaft, near one end of which a circular disk or piston, B, is securely fastened, working in a cylinder, O, provided at one side with suitable ports a and b, to admit the water or fluid, and. likewise a side port or passage,

'0, for the water to escape after having been used. These ports a, b, and c are covered by a suitable slide-valve, S, arranged in a casing, W, in the usual manner.

The slide-valve case Wis connected, through a pipe, Y, with the pressure-box Z, and to the end ofthe passage c a pipe, d, is connected, to conduct the escaping water or iiuid into a tric with the motion of said piston. This concentric groove F is divided by a partition, J. (See Figs. IV and V, Sheet II.)

The piston B is provided with packing-rin gs .on each side of the concentric groove F, to

prevent any escape of water or fluid, and for the same purpose the partition J is provided with packing-plates, the construction ofl which willbe hereinafter described.

In the cylinder C a wedge piece or block, G, is arranged between the ports or passages c and b, itting perfectly water-tight into this concentric groove F, and forced tight into the same by means of india-rubber or other suitable springs, f, placed behind said Wedge. (See Figs. II and IV.) By the partition J, fast to the piston B, and this stationary wedge-block Gin the cylinder and working in the concentrie groove F, said groove will be divided in .two parts.

Upon the shaft A a second circular disk or piston, H, is arranged and firmly secured or attached to said shaft, and working in a cylinder, E, provided with suitable heads K K', which are provided with stuffing-boxes, through which the shaft A passes perfectly water-tight, and which said stuffing-boxes maypartly support the shaft. Above this cylinder E a reservoir,'D, is arranged, communicating through the'passages g and g with the ends of the inside of the cylinder E. This piston H is made with a groove or cavity, L,

y cut in its periphery and running spirally with the motion of the piston, similar to a screwthread. The length of this spiral groove is a little less than the circumference of the piston, and the ends ofV this spiral groove are provided with packing-plates, and on the sides of said groove are likewise packing-rings, arranged to prevent any escape of water or fluid out of the spiral groove, the construction of which will be hereinafter described.

The shaft A, from the place where the piston H is situatedto within a short distance of its-'extreme other end, is made hollow, so as to form a channel-way or passage, M.

In the piston H passage-ways are arranged from each end of the spiral groove L, communicating with one end of the cylinder and with this hollow part or passage M in the central part of the shaft A. The passages commmunicating between the ends of the spiral groove L and the cylinder-heads are vclosed by self-acting valves N N, (see Fig. II,) opening inward or toward the spiral groove L, and the passages between the ends of the spiral groove L and the channel-way or passage M through the shaft are closed by selfacting valves P and P', opening toward the passage M. (See Figs. I and II.)

The outer` end of the shaftA passes through suitable stuffing-boxes, througha chamber, R, with the central part of which the channelway or passage M has a perfectly free communication by means of the openings m m. Thisv chamber R is connected with a strong and perfectly tight pressure-box, Z, with a selfacting valve, T, placed at any convenient position in the connecting pipe or branch between the chamber R and pressure-box Z, said valve openingoutward-or into the box Z. (See Fig. II.) I

Into the spiral groove L a block or piston, Q, is fitted perfectly water-tight. The upper end of this piston-block Q is provided with slides or friction-rollers w, tting and working in a groove, h, made longitudinally in theeylinder E. By this arrangement the block Q will be held nearly stationary when the piston H is madel to revolve by means of the slides or friction-rollers w working in the groove h in the cylinder, and is only capable of a slight motion sidewise or longitudinal with th cylinder, corresponding to the inclination of the spiral groove L, and accommodating itself always to the position of the spiral groove.

The manner of packing the sides of the concentric groove F and of the spiral` groove L is shown'in Figs. I and II, andl in an enlarged size in Figs. IV and VIII, as well as in an enlarged section in Fig. X, where p p represent the metal packing rings or-bands. These .packing-rings p p on the sides of the concentric groove F form a regular circular ring,

and may be joined at their ends and overlap each other, (see Fig. IV,) similar to the metallic packing-rings at present in use in steampistons. The rings or bands p p on the sides of the spiral groove L must be made of the same spiral form as the groove L, and are made a little longer, so as to pass each other. (See Figs. II and VIII.) These metal rings are inserted into the piston diagonally to its `surface about at an angle of forty-five degrees,

more or less. Below these rings india-rubber or other suitable springs, rr', (see Fig. X,) are placed, to press these metallic packing-rings outward against the inner surface of their respective cylinders. By this arrangement of placing the metallic rings p p' diagonally to the surface, a broad working-surface is obtained on the face, while the side next to the groove in which the pressure is contained presents only a sharp point or edge, against which the said pressure of the water or duid in the grooves will have no action or hold.l

The upper surface of the partition J inv the concentric groove F and the ends of the spiral groove L is packed tight by an arrangement of packing-plates, n and xx, with india-rubber or other suitable springs placed below the same, to force said plates outward against the surface of the cylinder. Between the plates a: m india-rubber or other suitable springs, v, are placed, to force said packing-plates x x at the same time sidewise, and prevent thereby any escape of water in those parts.

In the same manner the upper surface of the piston-block Q is packed, (see Fig. IX,) where g and g q represent the packing-plates,

taken away from said pressure-box Z for the purpose of propelling or turning the piston yB, in consequence of which the pressure in l Z, and pass then vback again into the reservoir D.

This excess of pressure or of water or fluid may be used for the 1 purpose of driving a rotatiug or reciprocating engine, or for any other purpose desired.

What I claim as my invention, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, isp l. The arrangement of a revolving piston having a concentric groove in its circumference, divided by a partition, and placed in a suitable cylinder provided with a slide-valve and a stationary wedge, (between the two parts,) made to work perfectly tight in said concentric groove, in combination with a second revolving piston placed in a suitable cylinder and provided with a spiral groove in its circumference, in which a piston-block held by said cylinder is made to move perfectly tight, said vspiral groove communicating at each end through passages closed by self-actin g valves with the ends or heads of the cylinder, as Well as with a central passage provided in the shaft and communicating with a pressure-box connected with the slide-valve case of the first-mentioned cylinder, the whole being combined together and operating in such a mannei that the piston with the spiral groove shall force water or other fluid into said pressurebox, so as to produce a pressure therein, which said pressure shall act upon either the one or the other side of the partition in the concen tric groove in the first-mentioned piston in such a manner as to rotate said piston backward and forward around its axis, and which said motion shall be communicated to the second piston, operating the same in the manner specified.

2. The construction of the revolving piston B, arranged with a concentricgroove, F, in its circumference, having a partition, J, and placed in a cylindrical case, C, provided with a suitable slide-valve and case, in combination with a stationary block, G, fitting tight in said groove F,'and held fast in the cylindrical case C, and situated between the ports a and b, the whole being arranged and combined in the manner and for the purpose described.

3. The construction of the revolving piston H, provided with a spiral groove, L, in its circumference, working in a cylinder, E, and arranged with suitable passages closed by selfactingvalves N ,N and P P', forming communications between the ends of said spiral groove L and the ends or heads K K of the cylinder, and the reservoir D, connected with said cylinder, as well as with the passage M, made in the shaft A, and through the same and its connecting-chamber R and valve T with a strong box or chamber, Z, and operating incombination with the piston-block Q,

made to fit tight in said spiral groove L, and

held fast in a groove, h, in the cylinder E, in the manner and for the purpose substantially as set forth and described.

4. The arrangement of the channel-way M in the shaft A, communicating with the ends of the spiral groove L `in the piston H,.and through the chamber R and valve T with the pressure-box Z, when constructed in the man- 'ner as specified:

5. The arrangement and construction of the piston-block Q, provided with suitable packing and fitting tight in the spiral groove L, and held fast by means of slides or friction-rollers working in the groove h, made in the cylinder E, capable of a motion sidewise or longitudinal with the cylinder, and operating, in combination with the spiral groove L, in the manner and for the purpose substantially as described.

6. The construction of the packing rings or bandsp p' on the. sides of the concentric and spiral grooves, acting diagonally toward the grooves and to the surface of the piston, and operated by suitable springs, and'arranged in the manner and for the purpose set forth.

7. The manner of packing the surfaces at the ends of the spiral groove L, as well as the surface in the partition J in the concentric groove F, by means of plates m x and a, operated by suitable springs situated below said plates, as well as by springs 17, acting against the ends of the packing-plates no x, in the manner and for the purpose described. 1.

8. The arrangement of a piston, B, provided with a concentric groove, F, and a piston, H, provided with a spiral groove', L, situated upon lthe same-shaft, or its equivalent, and Working in suitable cylinders, in the manner and for the purpose substantially as set forth and described'.

JACOB DREISRNER.

Witnesses:

HENRY E. RoEDER, AUGUST WITHEBEN. 

